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Joseph Goldsborough Bruff
Joseph Goldsborough Bruff (also known as J. Goldsborough Bruff; October 2, 1804 – April 14, 1889) was an amateur artist and adventurer as well as a professional draftsman and cartographer. He attended West Point for two years before becoming a merchant seaman. He later served as a draftsman for the United States Navy and a mapmaker for the United States Army. In 1849, he formed the Washington City and California Mining Association and led an expedition to California seeking gold. He kept a detailed journal of the expedition that was later published in two volumes. After returning from California, Bruff worked as an architectural designer in the United States Department of the Treasury.
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== Career ==
Bruff returned to Washington in 1827. Deciding to give up sea travels, he took a job as a draftsman at the Gosport Navy Yard in Norfolk, Virginia. He remained in this position with minor promotions until 1837. Feeling that he was underpaid, Bruff took a new drafting job with the United States Army at nearby Fortress Monroe, where he stayed for about two years.〔Read, Georgia Willis and Ruth Gaines, "J. Goldsborough Bruff", ''Gold Rush: The Journals, Drawings, and Other Papers of J. Goldsborough Bruff, Captain, Washington City and California Mining Association'', New York: Columbia University Press, 1949, pp. xix–xxxi.〕〔("J. Goldsborough Bruff (1804–1889) ), Print and Photographs Reading Room, Library of Congress, Washington, District of Columbia, accessed 24 July 2015.〕〔("Joseph Goldsborough Bruff" ), ''Journal of Sierra Nevada History an Biography'' (Volume 2, number 2), Sierra College Press, Rocklin, California, Fall 2009.〕
Sometime in 1839, Bruff took a new job with the Army's Bureau of Topographical Engineers back in Washington. In this position, he made numerous maps for Army reports that were published and sent to Congress. He made hand-copied duplicates of original field maps delivered to the bureau by Army topographical engineers returning from their journeys in the West. He also engraved maps and drawings for publication. One of his most important projects was to make copies of all of the maps and drawing that were included in Captain John C. Frémont's report to Congress. During the course of his work, Bruff got to know Frémont and many other topographical engineers when they returned from exploring the West. He also made the military maps used in the Mexican–American War. Bruff remained with the bureau for the next decade.〔〔〔
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